Vapaus, May 10, 1956

              mmm
5W6Sf
|.ja mies ^ \
tvuuttamaao ft^j
iistyi vasenugB^I
Oikealle ja igA
Ue. väistil Bä^i
ies menetti |vJ
ianoi: ' ' / ' l
hyyä ja selsD^i
Maan, niin jiif
yUtsenne-ilapäivän
bk^l
I luokalta i^f
liaisemmin ktöA
älkää pit|g|
ettette herättäj.
jafkuui
n ilmoitettujen
S t e n lisäksi saa-
^lä tieto Miia
?sta, toukokiinii
a lukien. Hinta-lamulla
klo&is
a .asettui' tällö»'
iaen kannaife
iassa sanoi siä-
)sasto. joka st-'
Uekirjoitti fajäfr
:sen mukaan {og
ruisleivän Ijinji
9 markkaanV
:a 23:sta 24:äln
iman painoisa
n yahvistettaU
m hinta on a
>kaleipälaatujö
1 hakea vahris-eriö,
mikä mer.
Unnat nousevat
normaalia vjft-i
sskataTarakäu-ll
hintojen koro-j
lokerin myynöii
livällä kahteen^
i, koska useat|
m sokeria en-i
i'"voimaanasti',^
ostettu varu--^
i p a l j o n kiÄi^J
oli vilkks[aiE<''^
eet polttoainei-i|
ovat lierattä-J
lioilijapiire^.,^.;
en' voimaaWJ
yynti Chuonu^ il
ikkaampfta' ]a|
hcelTÖttiin'»
nia • norma
ietä .
altain edusta-^"
narkoottistei^l
sa' .^syytti 'Kail
autta kuljete-r|
ärkoottisia ai-^
taja V. V. VtJi
iinan knasanr.if
ielsi narkoofrji
tuksen v. 1935
idattanut tätir*
uollut
[ueella
kuolleita p» |
nut Huroniii'^^
' vikbn lo^ii"
virne sunnoo;,
nättä saaned
n lopulla val,v|
aesateen Joi-j
pteeni Davdj:
nukaiselta
inadassa) «s 5?
i kun kala»'"'
tain puolefc'^*
[itä . . . mnö»
adan puoleDta
ilevat meiätt'\Ts
kkojaan poi^^i
s mies sasä:/
htilipun jnffTi;
1, me heitä»-;*
tiaiset virac-^
leet. että jft-t
oikeuksieni^
"varotuslafi-p
talastusalorf«\l
a kuiteniatf?
adysvaltalaxf?
tasi Hamilfi»; J
Ullaan erä^;^
Jmiestä. If^j^
pakkolfld^l
esta lentoJo-j:
, että aoac.^
tään poB*!
t saavat B»-|
yUäcanaö"!
ialaisten^lE*^
bkailla
siQä
^kaiketi
iko sittd
ipteenin'
[ajaisi» f"
Limiting Education
In recent weeks tugfa goversment sources bave ezpressed tsnidely
^ver tbe iack oi QualUted technical personnel to send to SouUieast?
countries to fulfill Canada^s ^^irimUmentg under the Colombo
Not only is Canada tacisg Uus problem but it i s cven more
hideat in the United States.
We do not Intend to go into the pros and cons bf the Colombo
|>]an and whetber i t i s actually designed to help undeveloped colo-kial'
oountriesT or' wfaetber it is designed to keep these Sontbeast V
5ian countries subsenäent to the Westem power5:
eolpe themselves are making it quite cleai- that they do not wisb to
ave any outside assisfance that has fif- reaclung political strings,''
L may be that in a jfew years the |>roblem of supplylpg trained p6r>^
lonnel for the Colonko Plän projects' 'will 'cease: to; exist wben lh*&
^olonial people decide to determine their own destinyv ' " 3
The -pomt that we : ^ h to deal wiUi is that desplte the h ^ för :
ned engineers and technicail persomiel Iboth at hbme'andabroaC^
possibilities of'Canada*s youUi acquiring such training is belhg'fi-i;
lited froin yeär to year. ^ - ' *
• • What we are referring: to is' (he reoent' annoimc^ment by märiy
leading Canadian umversities that: they are going.to increase tui
rees for the next tenn.- University öf Toronto fees will be increa^
by an average of 11.2 percenL Tuition^fees for coUrses in applied
^cience,medicine,iarchitecture and dentrlstry next year will he $500;
jp $50. ' ^ . . .
Michael Shoemakeripresident of the Students Union has wamed i
t a large number of students will be forced to drop out next yeär
cause of the increase. Many others iiave voiced the same isenti-•
lents and condemned the increases.
A shamefullylowpercentage of young -people frona Working
felass and farm families are able to attend universities today and with
Ihis additional increase raany/willbe "forced to cancel plans to enter
university next fall.
The burden is particularly hard. on families who do not' Iive^n
bities having universities, but mustsend^th^ir söns and daughlers to ;
bther centres for their-higher education. Then in addition to tuiiion
f ees, money must also be found for lodging and food. Much bf this' •
lust be provided by the family as the payfrom summer jobs Is not,
^ufficient to tide a studfent over the season.
there has beenan attempt to justify theincieases with the-cUiiin
3t university graduates are eaming about 19 percent more' than';
1953. The only problem is tIiathowwilI a student be able t ö .
barn the extra 19 percent if he is not given an opportunity' to' grad-
^ate. ' ' '
The need for bursaries.and other förros of assistance is appat^ht-'?
becoming slowly recognized.lt has been announced by the Uni­versity
of Toronto that $50,000 of the money derived from the in-reased
fees will be used for bursaries and student loans/:The .
atch here ofcourse is that you have.to get to university and päy the
irst year's tuition before you are eligible for such assistance.
It is obvious that drastic- steps must be taken if the drop In uni- .
hrsity attendance is to be stopped. The only immediate solutiön -
jirould be to increase the federalgovernmentgcants to universities
d to improve the system of scholarships and-reduce tuition-fees
a normal figure. . > •.
The proper solutionto the question of course is to make educa-
•n a question of ability to learn rather than ability to pay. It would
to the general good of ourwhole; country if capableyoung, people
ere encouraged to devötc'themselves''ttffields-of'higherlear^
ther than attenapting to lijnit ui^iver^ity? ^dtiiatiön to* a social • func-=-
in for the sons and da;u^h'ters'of well to do'families." • •
•, This is not'a ne^ approach t6:,the questioitof edncatiotll it'has"
een in practice for many^years in many countiies^ wh^re the interest^
f the, nation as a whole is considefed tHoj^^piosf/important'factor. ÄncT
is.causing,quite an alärm m ^he ,United'^tätes tbdäV.'-"^^^
Bason for .alarbfi? According to their ownstätistics^^^^ num1ä>eR o£ .•
hgineering graduafes in |he U5,. has dropped' from Si^OO' in i8fö"fo'"
3,000 )h 3^955 aSd it häsbeen esiimated/thät almost; 5d,(foö enyi-'!,
eefs are needed each ^year. önthe.o^^^ hj^n^^ii^^^ ^vii^f^Unlön, f
irhere: lihiyersi^yi education: is nöt only ^rj^e Jbut'stuä(e^te^^^
igiaUowan<^s^(tjie nun^berof eng^^
ver the same period of tinfie from 28,Ö0it;jto,' 63^000^; :;Tp^''the: ^Uin^tec^
States it has got to the pointwherephysics;and'CM
aught in •, only : about half. the h i ^ schools and where i t i s ' beiiig
aught, a great deal of it;is bj^'nnt[alified teachers.
Something "^can be ^ofie 'about "this problem. ^ That is evident fromfi
le fact. that the number of/trained engineersf^iliv^fie 8^
icreased from 41,000 in 1929 ^ 541,000 in 1954.' tn the IJS. during '
le same period the number of engineers increased 'from ^ 215^100 to
3,000. - . -. I !'~
These figurescarry a-terrific impact and possibly if Canada's
|outh were to raise their.voices for free university education, it might
I? heard in Ottav?a.
iMiiPiiiiliiil
Torstaina,ioulfolfljun 10 p. —Thtur$aay, May 10, JS$6 Sivu^S
Tauno Saari Named
Speed's Athlefe
Of The Year 1955
Whitefisb I heard a hint that
Karl ><the editor) : is complaining
about the lack ' of hot air in the
columns of his Club News section
and much as Ihate to, L must admit
I always: have more than my share.
The Speed A. C. held a very suc-cessful
umeeting at Ojanpera's last
Sunday. After Joyce Lujanen won
the club trophy for the "athlete
of the year for 1954, we were ali
anxious' to hear 'Who won the hö-nouc
for 1955, Tauno Saari won
with sixty^eigbt points and Melvin
Latvala^placed second with only a
few point« dUtference. Conceming
the 1956 trophy —^ it's going to
keep the gang hopping this summer
to beat Karl Palomäki who already
has a sizeable leadinpoints, a lead
picked up in skiing. He is also an
active ^ track >and field athlete. so
other club members. will have to go.
some to beat him.
The annual meeting of the club
will be held on Sunday, May IStfa;
at 2 P. M. at the k i t f s (jr= St.
Pathie). At the lasi meeting ar-pang^
ments were- also made for a
couple of ^ door-prize dances that
will take place in the future. Tic-kets
are already pn sale.
Our membership was also told
that we would discuss entries for
the slightly bigger meet which wai
be held in Melbourne, Australia^
this coming fall: These rumors: be-gan-^
to circulate af ter the meeting
was already adjoumed^ sq it's too
bad they weren't recorded in the
minutes. : But: make your reserva-tions
on the B. S. Airlines non-stop
flight to Melbourne. I vtramed you
about the hot aur didn't I?
' Seriouslythough, before I close I
want to complimentl|our skiers on
a ' fine showing^ tlui^' i Winter, es*
pecially the ones wHd jtpok the time
to train. ^ That finjllf äaclt^inclod^
myself -as well !~afe i^anyone elsef
vnth a guilty consoeiice.^^ KKK;
.'^ , EASY FOB HIM^^
'The minister was talking seri-ously
to one ^of the yoimg^bn iii
his parish.
"John", he said, "I hear^ that
you have been raisiiigfals^^hopesi
in maiden hearts'. 1 don't;like such
behavior! Rumor " whispers that
'Vour are engaged to. one girl ih'
this towri,' another in Danville
'and a; third in Brenchley. How:
can you do such a thing?"
i John looked sheepish as he ror
plied: "Weil, sir, Tve got a motor-cycle."
SHARE PLYMlfC MmT
The To,rontoMarlbpros;haVeupheld Eastern Canada'sdomm
West in junior hockey. Last Sunday the ToroAto team, which has won the
Memorial Cup two yearsdn/a row, cUnched the title^^w straight wins.
Regina held the first game at a tie. In the above photo taken at one of the'
garnes, had the puck gone into the mesh instead of hitting the crossbar, Regina
may have forced another gdme. The Canadian hockey: season is of ficially over.
Track «nd fietd events will al«
wa>'s be the backbone of (he Olym*
pics, and it is from them ihat the
glamour event of the 1956 Cames la
&Ie|boume wiU come. It is Ukely
to be one of (helroUowh)s: ifiOO
metres, 5.000 metres, 10,000 metres^
or the 26 mlle 385 yards maratbon.
These events are most Jikejy. ttj^
have a galaxy of oUtstanding'tii-lent
from wli^ch will emcrge the
Olympic champion the athlete
Mrbo cxcels ali others in public es-tieem.^
<
il The heats of the 1.500 metres
;wiU indude many runners. not ali
of whom are destined' to reach the
final. .
These include worId record hoi-der
Iharos and his fellow Hunga-rion
Tabori. Nelisen of Denmark,
Hewson of Britain, Jungwirth of
Czechoslovakia, llernuinn of (jler<
many. Lewandowski of Poland,
Chataway of Britain, Okorokov of
the Soviet Union, Hamorsland of
Norway and Landy and Lincoln of
Australia.
This would probably be the grca-test
l.SOO-metre field of .'ali timc.
It indudes thre^ runners who
have brokcn the four minutes for
the mii?, and a host of othcra who
are within two or three seconds of
that acKlevement.
' At this stage,. Australfa's John
Landy must be favoured to win.
Many ,of these men wlll also
compete in the 5,000 metres.
' John Londy could easily win an­other
gold medal for Australia in
thts one, but at this stagc Iharos
has the shortest price.
In the 10,000 metres, the mighty
Zatopck must headtho Itst of pos­sibilities.
Assauk on the White Continent
Scientists and explorers of many
countries.have attacked Antarctica,
this enigmatic continent for more
than 180 years. Of course there
haVe been'>luUs'-and long periodi
between but alwayS'the ittacks"iare'
i^wed with -greater vigouii and;
:cess. Many daririg'''explorer&
ive aheady i penetrated ithlstJmy/- t^Hous territory; and triMmpihB^i!^
pfiäperate struggles 'vitl»-thos^^ew
«iifocc «nomtoQ (>oni^iirv:^1irltlrrt.V'nni1i
Special Day For M others
BY H E L E N WEIR
Mothers Day comes in the spring
in • the warm month r of M ^ ;
Bjv ^ appropriate that mothers
lould be hondred at this particu-'
' time of year, when ^ mother; nä­re
comes to life and 'the earto'
[alive and radiant! On this great
Miday in honor of mothers, we:
|eet' with deep-love ali mothers
i the givers of life and the great
lotectors of that precious life!•
[ On this day, we bestovf our great
»•and admiration on ali mothers
Canada and the 'Whole world/
le show them how much we ap;-
feciate and respect them for theilr
reat labors, for t h e i r loving care
Bd devotion, and for their great
Icrifices for their children and
leir families. :How many mothers
jit just a little less than the rest
ihe. members of their family?
low many mothers dowithout
(othes they -badly need so that
^ere would be more for their
lildren? Howmany inothers spend:
ly sleepless nights caring- for
he sick in their homes? And how
sny mothers lose their^health and
[leir strength working- in factories
ttd then coming home to work
round the house mto the wee
Eours!
[ESPECT A N D L O VE
AU .these sacrifices are notedj
Id when the measure of sacrifice
taken . . . it is the mother tliat
Jives the most in love and care of
fie family.For us, it is not enough
buy; mother a gift,' to send bejr
Jowers or a loving message on
bothers Day . . . We should res­pect
and love her every day of her
pfe, and fight to help to improve
p r iife as a person so that she can
etter dO; t h e , j o b . of raising' her
amily a n d live a full, fruitful and
^Ppy life a s an individual as welL
In Canada, Mothers Day is a
snallioliday, It is troe that
h a s : become commerdalized to a
3infnl d^ree. Bnsinessmen have
a real boom as a result of the • ex-ploitation
of the sentimentsjof love
for mother. .• \ they casluin on ali;
the additional sales and pröfits. But
in spite of that, Mothers Day^ in the
Canadian family'is truly a day of
respect and love • for the .mother,
and the feelings are real- and^ge-nuine.
With each year, Mothers " Day
takes on a deeper significance. To^
mark Mothers Day by gift-giving
is not enough. Mothers Day must;
become a day: ^of mobilijz^^tion to
protect ali the things; tluit, mean;
everything to a m o t h e r : . . . the
life of her children, the welfare of
her home and f amily, the protec-tion
of her rigbts: and- the;welfare
of the nation: In these cpntinuing
days of stress of the: dänger of
atomic war, of - atomic radiation;
from the testing of nudear weap-ons/'
the fears and anxiety of
mothers for the welfare of her
children grows. They see great
wealth energy and the labors of,
OUT - peopleV going towards prepara^
tions for warw 'They see great sums
of money being sunk. into arma-ments,'
atomici bombs and' the. up-,
keep of military i bases ; • when we
should bebuilding schools, hospi-tals
and recreation centres to pro-vide
a bappier. life for our families;
The high cost of living, theetemal
debts, tax burdens; läck. of medical
care^ ali cause anxiety, Yes, even
before a war can actually come, a
little of a child's life and j o y are
sacrificed each day as a result of
these burdens.
SAME THE WORLD OVEB
Every mojther feels that her fate
is :bouod op inseparably with the
fate of mothers in other parts of
the World, for their interests are
the same. As a result of this, mo­thers
the W o r l d over are building
frienddiip and understanding
amongst themselves, and are acting
in defence of their commim.inte-restst,
m the defence of theu- child-ren
and prötecting of life itself.
Last July, the mothers of the world
met in a great Congress of Mothers
in Lausanne Switzerland, ^and they
worked out; plans in the struggle
for the prevention of war and the
def€9ice of their children. Canadian
mothers also took part in this world
congress and continuo through the
Mothers Continuation Committee.
CONFIDENCE IN FUTURE
On Mothers Day, we look with
confidence to the f uture, knowing
that the spirit of Geneva. lives on
in the hearts of humanity, that
great steps are being taken in the
direction of peace and understand­ing
between nations- We greet ali
signs of friendship betvveen nations
with bur , blessings, for .we know
that through friendly exchanges,
through negotiations ^and under-standings
peace :WJ11 surelybewoni
And what more wonderful thing
could happen to us, Canadian mo;
thers than to hve in a World at
peace in which the future life of
^our children would be, guaran-teed?
Let us make a vow on this Mo­thers
Day 1956, to remain r united
in defence of our children against
war, for disarmament and friend­ship
: between ali >nations! het us
vow to make our contribution in
the struggle to win a firm and last
ing peaäe! Let us extend a hand
of friendship to the mothers pf
the whole World, whose interests
are exactly the same as ours! Long
live the unity of; mothers of the
whole W o r l d for the defence of life!
VACANT SEAT
The minister bad : preached for
an hour and a qiiarter on the pro-phcts
— ali the greater propbets
and then the minor ones in tum.
"Now we come to Habakkuk," he
said. «Where shaU we put him?"
"He can have my sesA," said a-vearied
listener, ''1'm going home."
^eUhe bold spirits;wbohay^ineyäi^
retumed from the assäults «Mjihls
well-nigh impregnable ,fortressi;.||
But, having set thems6lve5^'^^h^
aim of discovering Antarctica;' j^ei^r
ther sacrifice nor hardship IcduTd
.keep, the, explorers from deqiphe-ring
its deepest secrets and from'
forcing,the white continent to serve
humanity.
Long ago a legend was bom ön
the existence of a mysterious, and
unknown W o r l d in the South. The
Greek, in ancient history^ called it
"The uiiknown Austral land." At
that time people believed that An-t
tarctica was surrounded by a ring
of fire annihilating ali those who
ättempted to enter this mysteriotis
empire.
"South of the Pacific there is no
continent"—^ declared .Captain
Cook returning f rom an expedition
to the South of our globe in 1772^
75. But Cook was mistaken.
Barely 50 yeare later, on January.
28tb, 1820,. a Russian expedition
headed by BeUingstiausen and:.La-zarev,
the famous- Russian scien­tists,
reached the sixth continent
in the region of Crown Princess
Martha Land. .This is considered
the d a te of dlscovery of Antarctica.
. In the course of the decades that
foIlQwed, the Antartic coast-line.
was touched at various points.
From 1838 to 1839 three expedj-tions
-;- a French one led' by J .
Durmont d'Urvilie, the others, En-glish
and American, led by J . Ross
and Ch. Wilkes respectively,-— aim-ing
ai reaching the magnetiq South
Pole sailed /for the austral conti­nent
They attained the coast and
collected valuable S c i e n t i f i c data;
The Engiish expeditions headed
South. To R, Amundsen of Nqr-way
f eli the bonour of reaching the
Pole on the I4th of Dccember 1911;
One montb later, on January 18tfa
1912, Captain Scott and the British
party also arrived at the long
sought goal.
Later on, other countries organls-ed
Scientific expeditions. Amongst
the most important were the i^me-rican
expeditions led by Admiral
Byrd.
HIGHEST CONTINENT
Antarctica is the name given to
the zone surrounding, the South
Pole, The area, bounded by tbe
cold austral waters and subtropical
nortbem waters, is approximalely
20 million square miles, larger than
the whole of Europe.
The Antartic mountains risc in
ihe West of tbe region^ and are si-milar
to tbe Soutb-American Än-des.
This similarity led some sd^n-tists
to suppose that the AntardJc
situated some fhousands of miles
from South America, constltutes an
extension of Soutb^Aoierica it: may
weH;. be that South Georgia, the
Sandwich and Falkland Isles repre-seiit^
i the ren^ains of a. gig^ntie
"bridge"; of mountojns. .Unking,up
Soutlji, America:'Viith'ihe ^Aalarctic,;
just ^äs New, Zealand,' th^' Isles ,öf
Tpngb andjKermMfc;, I^ew !^^^
n^i tbe New j jlejirides, ;and^ Kew
Gufnef inajr b'^" Ih^' x^stiges .^f^the
"tii^äge" ;c,ön9|ecting' th^^ Ant^t^j
wiil^ ^ustr,alia an'4.^out;^-Ea8t A^iä,
Alltthls i ^ ineMly.coh^ecjturp.^^^
doubt science has''more to teli us.
Aiidfriftlca^isf'the' «mtlneftt^hl^h-est
al^v6' äöä^Ievei,' fts ^neah alti-tude
• heitti' 7,90Ö"fir The d^ptb- of
the 'occtffi suh-oundittg: i f i s cönsi-derable.
DepthJ^'of < 16,000 iketafe
not unusual.
Antantticf ^ i ^ e s j ^ a largepu
VictoriavLand, for example, there
is a v|is{1 gi^oup.l dr volcando^/tit^i'
rank lamong the largest ' in the
World. The volcanoes Mt. Terror
and Mt. Erebus exceed 4i850 yards.
The siU active crater of Erebus is
more than a mile iU diameter and
360 yeards in depth. The highest
peak rises to 4^ miles above seo-
Jevel.-' i . 1 ' w -j
LAI»<D o t E V E R N X L I C E / / '
Antarctica. may iWell.be «alled
the .land of oternaLijce; ,for 4he
greater'part of ithe year it is enti-rely
covercd by an .immensct ar»
mour„of'ioe.I '^e- : . t * ' ' .t .
The cold air.strOaming fromitiie
'centrertowards<the oUtepfringe de'
veldps a trehiehdously high si^eed.
VioIeAt hurricanes^S^eep' down' oW
AdelleLand. Fierctf tempcsts rage
for 340 days 'ih the yeai*}'year-ly
average speed of the' *w!nd fs 49
mph., blizzards wlth„ »a velocity of
o degre^s Centrigrade beIow, zero.
rnfs'U^m«r,>hfe:|h4itoömiBtir;n6Ver
rIses abdvd ieröL 'In Winter' the
temperaturc/sinks to 40;degrees or
even as far as 80 degrees, below.
Sub-zerotemperaturcs and the high
THE COCKNEYS HAVE
THEIR OWN LANGUAGE
"Let's get the wind out of our
mince, pies and go across the frog
and toad to the old rub-a-dub for a
needle and pin/' the man said, "We
got the bird line, you know."
In the Queen's Engiish the; Cock-ney
meant:
"Lefs get the wind out of our
eyes and go across the road to the
bar for a gin. We have the time,
you know/' .
This is rhyming slang and it
takes a real Cockney to speak it.
A Cockney -Js a person born
within sotmd of the bells of old St.
Mary-le-Bow Church, near the heart
of this capital, Rugged individualist
and generally good humored Che
Cockneys started meddhng with
the Cnglish;,language as far back
as the first part of the 19th cen-tury
VILLING TO WOTE
The Cockney cbaracterized him'
self in the first part of the 19th
centurjr. by substituting v for w and
vjce versa; "Are you villing to
wote''"
Later in the century tbe Cock­neys
changed th sound to f, as
in Arfurfor Arthur.
Their greatest assault on tbe
English'language concerns vowel
sound3,'They say dyly for daily,
abaht for about and moch for
much. .
Then came ,'rbyming- slang—or
substituting one) two or three
word8 that vaguely^/hyme with the
real Word and stringing them ali
together in a scntence,
There are pubs where a large
partion of the; dfinka are askcd for
in rhyming slang-^and pity the bar
maid who doesn't understand.
Beer Is a plg'8 ear . . . whisky is
a bright and .ft:lsky and rum a
deaf and dumb.
Most of the rhyming slang is
done with nouns and is nearly
always spoken and not written.
And sometimes eyes become just
mince (rather than mince pies).
tand-to-attcntion, the fuU rhyme.
for pensioh, becomes stand - to^
Grcenages, tbe rhyme for wages,
may become ^just greens,
H e r e ' 8 a sbort vocabulary:
Mouth—north and south; nose-^I
suppose; face — deuce and ace;
stairs—apples and' pairs;
Sbirt-^dickey dirt; shoes—fires
and flues; trous6rs — dounr.the
bouses; Wife—trouble and trife;
husband, old man—pot and pan;
spoon—silvery moon;. waiter—po-tato;
head wait€r—hot potato: tea
—rosey lee; dog — sherry hog;
money-^bees and honey; cash—oak
and ash.
fall of 8now and rain on the coast*
line contrlbute to the intenslvo for-mation
of ice. The whole conttnont
is covered .by-a <huge ice cap,.witb
an average;ttbfckness ofl-mllq. i
; Scientists have jcalcul^ted that if
the ice-cover were to melt, the level
the Ocean would rise by from 18
to-24 yards inundatlng a large num­ber
of countries. It appears that,
In the-^krkd oH-^iiftt .ihiktöjrical
«pocbs the thickness of the ice co-ver
bf Ahtärtlca'has'decreased by
'about 358 yards, ^ > f / • <v
"^^It<would be wrong> however, to
imagiiie that ,tbe ;,whole j r c a , of
this continent Isfcoycred in Ice.^
'Aerial cxplöratibns carried'out
by alr;'ah AmcVlcah'exk>edittbn dis-xovered
a large territory frt^e from
ice, What is more there areac*
^tually on the continent large blue
''and red Jakes. It is ^ interesUng
to note that tho water wa8 warm
enough for the pilots to venture to
bathe, It may be that these lokes
of whlch we still know very little
result from volcanie activity.
IS THERE LIFE THERE?
Is life poslble on the ice copti-nent?
Incredible though it may
seem, there is life, in the same
form as there' had' been millions
of years ago, whcn the dimate of
the Antarctic wa8 mild and damp.
Immense territorics weji'e covered
with Virgin fore8tswhere:enormous
ferns and^ lycopodium grew. It
might eveii be posslblc that ani-mal
life ej^sted. To date there is
no evidedce to back this up, but the
time wiU come when this enigma
too will besolved. The onset of
ice on the continent bcgan a mil^
lion years ago and it resulted in the
formation of an immense armour of
ice covering the whole of Antarc­tica.
Wher6 boundless forests uscd
to flower, fierce snow-6torms began
to rage.
And in spite of alt this there is
life on Antarctica, in particular in
Graham Land, the northern sector
of the continent. 300 spccles of l i -
chen are known, mainly kind» (hat
exist on rocks, 70 varieties of mos-ses
and only 15 phanerogams, Two
spedes of insects have also been
dlscovered. The interior of the
continent is yet unexplored, but it
is not impossible that life exists
there.
Antarctica has hardly any
ground-animals, but on the islands
and along the littoral a fairly large
number of sea-aninmls can lie
found. Amoog birds, the penguin
is most typical.' More than ten
spedes have been counted; Most
ns/holder of the «rc^ld älÄ'*- 3
„jiiii^^i^^^^^ip
Ceechoslovakia »lU also he
(«nted by UUsperger
This
Stephens;
mile^remd. wm conceolrate. , *, ' ^4
He must be given a good i
of headiag the field. ivhlchindudn' \
Cbromik, and Kryzskoyiak öf 'PIK^"'-., f.;
land, Kovacs, Juh'azs^/$zaho''attd,
^Btres"öliHun|8i^,1; Jsfcuköy/Kd,
Chemyavasky UgSR, PiHe,
Korrist and Sandö' of Britain," and -
Taipale, Saivancn and Posti sltVitsa,
, And possibly tbe gi^eatest a|l^;;
this year*s Olymplc cVents .wilt ,bo^J
the hcart-breaking marathottii^Y^ ^ i ' :
Zatopck won this inU952:.'IW.;;;
will be oppossed.this year ht,.^^'
moun of France. Mimoun wiU'prflk°!
bably conccntrate on this eventln* ^
stead of the 10,000 metres, jn'whlcK
he has twicc finished ,«econd'b^'
hind Zatopck (London and'Heisin-'
m
k i . ) mmi.
Startcrs will hidudo Karvonen^^
Pulkinen and Manninen of Finlai](d,^f;
Kcrim of Egypt» Jubazs of Hui^^-~
gory, Lancaster of Britain, MeylSi*
of Germany. Nyberg of Sweden,
Koslco of Czechoslovakia,' Pino^of \
Argentina. Walsh of Natal bnd <A*y \
lGrenshaw of Australia. '< ^I^.^t
It is very possiblc that ihese four > \
glamor events will "^be shared' by '
twa othtctes. t^ndy could easily' \
win the 1.500 and 5,000/metr«i»\ ?
\vhite the vetcran Zatopek will'^b(l'''^
the man to beat tn both tho lO.OOQV:
metres and the marathön.
WA1T AND 8EE :
Gloria: "Was youp unde'a mind*^
vigorous and sane to the last?''
Harold: "I don't know- Tlio »lU.
won't be rcad untU tomorrow/<^/v<^>
TOOK PITY ' 1;';^",
"Voutold that man'it wa8 five'*;
mhtutes' ;Walk to tho .statlon 'ah''d <
it is a good 20 mtnutcsf." - ^ ;^
'•Yes, but he secmedisö tlredi"'*
"This is the ageof spee^ a l t ;
right! ,Take ncioney — i it doesn't >
go as far as \i used tb, Uut jt
suregoes fasterl" / ' ' "
numorous on the continent are thä'
penguins of Adelie tand; not quite-so
frequent tho "emperors'*, -.tbi?:
largest df the penguhis measurlng-,
up to 49 inchcs in height and welr^,
ghing up to 110 Ibs., " ''^
Among pinnipeds the''W;eddel''
scols are the most v^dety spread.*'
The gipnt sea^lcphaht, wWcb,„'
reachcs 21 fect in length ~ andr
wcighs up to S tons is also encoun-tered
there. Among the whaled the' \
biue.rorqual, reaching 130 tons and
over 100 feet in length, is the lar--
5gcötg||||i|||p^
COMBINED OPERATIONS ' "'
Thus, as you can s«e «people have^
learncd a great deal about tbe Ant-'
arctic. But this is far from being '
ali they want to know. We hava
already mentioncd many of the^äV,
tempts to conqucr Antarctica caV'
ried out by, small groups. But
coming from^ differcnt countries'
they did not command the pover
needed to revcal the secrets of ,the^.
wbite continent. ^ '* >
If the Antariic is to be explbf&d'
and subjected, to the service' of '
mankind it was indispensable that.
the differcnt countries posse&iäng'
great scientists and advanced nMh
dcrn techniques sbould pool their.
efforts. That is why the viöfXlL- )
has given a warm'welcome to ihe'<
dccision of^ scientists of differeot*.,
countries to work on a common
Schedule and carry out Joint exfdo*
ratory work. Thousands of sd^n<
tists from England, the Soviet^ ^
Union; the United States,' France^
Australia, New 2^aland. Nonvay^'
Chile, Argenlina and other,'coon»'
tries are to partidpate in the ex»
ploration of the white continen^ , ;