Zwilazkowiec Alliancer, June 03, 1981

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POLONIAN FORUM
'SSSSSnSSSSSSCSKK
wA THE
ŁlslKHEHI t
The
by
views
SSSSSfi
an of
An of
by William E Kosar
The silualion in Polane! has
cen al a c itical s age foi a
numocr oi months now
Western obscrvers as well as
the Polish people lhemselves
are uneasy over the threat of
a possible invasion of Poland
by the Union of Soviel So-cialisl
Republics The Soviet
Union lias of course been
laying the groundwork for a
"legał" justification for such
an invasion ever sińce the
beginning of the strikes last
August "Anli-socialist- " "op- -
positionisl"
ancl
forces" are all reporled by
the Soviets to be "at work in
Poland" This choice of o- -
cabulary sounds surprisingly
similar to that used by the
USSR to justify their inva- -
sion in Au- -
gust 190H and Algtianislan in
(Monthly Supplement)
the Soviet Union would justify
inyasion Poland:
examination probable legał arguments
"imperialist"
"counler-reyolutionar- y
ofCzechosloyakia
English
How
thirty-firs- t oppres-anniversar- y
lale We shall profound democratic
examining (with principles respect
where to Cze- - for a sovereignty and
choslovakia and Afghanislan) non-interferen- ce in in-ho- w the affairs of states" Com-justif- y
an invasion of Poland munist Party Chairman
such an cvcnt should come Brezhney in an address
lo pass
Recenlly the Soviel press
and mombers of the Soyiet
Politbureau hae been aceus-in- g
lhe West of trying to de-slabili- ze
the situation in Po-land
and of complicating the
oyercoming of lhe Polish cri-si- s
Furihermore they have
aceused lhe West of compli-cit- y
in Poland's internal af-fairs
as they did following
Czechosloyakia ancl Afehani- -
stan (Pravda 23 April 1981)
Solidarily the Polish
nendent union has
been aceused of "tilting to-war- ds the right — and —
onposing the efforls of lhe
Cen rai Committee of the
Polish United Workers' Partv
and the goyernment
lo normalize the siluaHon
and safeguard the people's
yilal intorests" (Pravda 30
Jan Solidarily as well
has been aceused hv the Soy-iet
of allving ifplf
with KOR (the Committee
for Self-Defenc- e) which is
lahelled as an "anli-sociali- st
prouping callinc for coun-ter-reyolulio- n" Furthermore
the Soviets charcp 1hat
KOR has close links with
jMunich-hase- d and TT S fi-nanc- ed
Radio Free Rurowe
Thev alsn mainain that re- -
vanchists" in West Germany
are attempting to opposi- -
tion forces in Poland to re- -
pain German territories in
East Prussia and Silesia lost
after the Second World War
Tu comonrison in Tuly 1968
thp us ST? ohnrPPd that a
cache of USmade arms had
been discoyered near the
West German border in Cze
choslnvakia Also "discoyer- -
ed" was a manuał allegedly
descnbins the liberation oi
Czechosloyakia and East Ger-many
(Pravda 19 21 22
July 1968)
The simplest way the
Soyiets to justify their ac--
uons wouici oi uuuitu uu iu
say that they were "invited"
in to quell either internal dis- -
turbances or interyention by
anolher state Pravda on 19
1'uuiuuiy iaoi_ icuuneu mai
there is a potential for armed
conflict because of the inler- -
yention by the imperialist
stales in lhe internal affairs
of the socialist countries an
action which is manifesling
itself especially in Poland
The whole issue of the
"Polish Queslion" centres
around the legality of inter- -
JUNE 3 1981 V0L IV No 5
Editorial Board: Leszek Wawrow Richard Tyndorf
Krzysztot ueDnara
Editorial Board accepts no responsibility for opinions expressed
individual contr! butors Articles do not necessarily reflect the
ofany organization
h
c
its
vention Arlicle '4 of the
"Trealy of Friendsliip Mu- - lilii AcPioIltliA nrwl "Dnrł
War Collaboration between
the USSK and Polish Peo- -
ple's Republic (the may legally assist an
of which was sed people that for such
noted by the Soviel press on assistanco Ii' the conflict de- -
Dccember conlent
be referen-- of the of
ces appropriate state's
the
Soyiet Union would ternal
Leo-i- f
nid
trade
Polish
1981)
mpdia
use
for
1 tmi) anu Anicie 01 ol
the Charter of the United Na- - tinns would hnlh hu rpliprl
upon by the Soviet Union
However in order for the
Soyiet Union to make use of
either of these provisions
"the threat from imperial-ism- "
had betler be greater
than (hc examnles enumer- -
ated supra
The USSR claims to be
steadfaslly opposed to inter- -
vention in the affairs of an- - other slate The condemna- -
tion of aggression by the Sov
iet Unionhas led "naturally
to an expancied and morę
to the Fifth Congress of the
Polish' United Workers' Party
staled that: "The socialist
states stand for strict respect
for the soyereignty of all
countries We resolutely op-po- se
interference in the af-fairs
of any stata and yiola-tion- s
of their sovereignly
The solidarily and close unity
of the socialist counlries is a
true guarantee of lhe na-tion- al
independonce ancl so- -
yereienty of each socialisl
COuntry"
Assuming thal one belieyes
Erezhney under whal eir--
cumstances would intcrven- -
tion in the internal affairs of
anolher country not be ille- -
gal? This problem has been
grapnled with many times
over in the past few centuries
by such classical leeal writers
as Grotius and Vattcl Inter- -
yention is defined as an in- -
terference in lhe domestic
andor foreign affairs which
is in the evclusive jurisdic-tio- n
of a subiect of interna-tional
law whelher bv r-oli-tic-al
economic or military
means unless such action is
allowable by a snecific inter-national
rule to the contrary
Thus then US Secretary of
State Edmund Muskie was
acling prudently last fali
wilen ]ie warned members of
ile aFL-CI- O and the Uni- -
ted Auto Workers that their
channelline of funds to Soli- -
Marily might be deliberalely
interpreted by Moscow as
Western interference
One scholar has enumerat
ed six exceptions to the rule
wbereby interyention may be
pci iiiissiuic a wiiuic (uiiocni
to interfere has been given
freely and not through coer
L10I1 b) vhere tnere are
threats to the safety of the
interyening state's nationals
c) Humanitarian interyention
This has a broad annroach
because i) it is detached from
nationality ancl ii) it has the
0f which looks good interna- -
uonauy anu lans wnnm Ar--
ticles 55 and 56 of the Char
ter of the UN d) interven
tion to assist in moderniza
tion e) inteiTention to assure
self-determinali- on and f) in-teryention
in the case of dvii
war aii oi tnese exceptions
could be applied by the Soy
iel Union if they use their
imagination and depending
upon the turn of cvcnts in
Poland
XnHxl l t 1 f :„ Jl _ 1
asks
1979
inde- -
eiehleenlh century slatccl
thal Any foreign power
generaies mio a civu Will
forreign powers may aid the
nn rty whose cause "they find
the most just" Tlie Soviet
Union juslified its interycn
tion in Czechoslovakia bc-cau- se of the threat "emanat-in- g from counler-reyolutionar- y
forces" This "threat"
permitted the Czcchoslovak
goyernment to seek "imme-dial- e
assitance" from the
Sovicls
The Soyiet Union claims
the iiwasion that S10
cannot Iw of man
Article Crisis Poland
Związkowiec March 25 1981
y arguments of a political
strategie or mililary na- -
turę In particular the fol-lowin- g
may not be used for
juslifications: (b) the al-lege- d
shorteomings of the
(of the inva- -
ded country) any revo- -
lutionary or counter-revolu- -
tionary movemeni civil war
disorders or strikes (empha- -
sis nnne) and (e) the estab- -
lishement or maintenance of
any state of any political
economic or social system
Rebuttal
Dear Mr Editor:
I am wrilintr in resnonse lo
an article which appeared in
the Związkowiec on March
25 1981 enlitled "Crisis m
Poland" and written by Mr
R Brząkała
Being both a representa- -
tive of the federal govern- -
ment and a Canaclian of Pol- -
ish heritage the silualion in
Poland is of great concern to
me as it to all of us
While our federal goyern-ment
mainlains that Poland
must be allowed to handle its
own internal affairs wilhout
interference from outside
lorces many cieveiopmen's
have oceured which will
assist Poland in an indirecl
but very imporlant way
On March 23 1981 the De-partment
of Exlcrnal Affairs
ancl the Secretary of State for
External Affairs the Ilonour-abl- e
Mark MacGuigan an-nounce- cl
in a press release
that the Canadian goyern-ment
has agreed to permit
Poland to defer approxi-matel- y
$21 million of repay-ment- s
due between March 15
and June 20 on official cre- -
dits 1 his action represents a
"# v wx ubYu
to aueyiaie iJoianas imme--
diate repayment burden
On April 27 1981 in Paris
an agreement was signed be--
tween Poland and several
the large Western countries
proyiding for the re-sched- ul
ing of Poland's current ex
ternal indebtedness over the
lor the period of May 1 —
Ł-etem-uei
oj iaoi me same
90% figurę will apply to the
time before May 1 1980 and
benefit under the same pro- -
yisions
Amounts owing are being
re-scnectu- led over the next 8
!__! j:„- - _ r
meanini that first - ' - payments are not necessary
or due unlil 1985 and will
continue then until 1989
compaliblc willi the belligc- -
rcnl stale" Dospite their de- -
nial of llie use of the abovo
enumerated justificalions lho
Soviels based llieir defences
for the inlcrvention in the
internal affairs of Czechoslo- -
vakia and Afghanislan on
such asserlions and alle'gcd
"juslifications" The Soviels
of course aro "a peace loving
people" who "respect the
sovercignly of all states"
The Soviet Union as one
might expcct condemns war
and aggression and considers
them both to be grave inter- -
nalional crimes
The SoYiefs are ciuick to
'poinl out their contribution
lo the Lcague of Nations'
Confercnce for the Reduclion
and Limitation of Armaments
(1932)' espociaUy with resnoct
lo the definilion of Mie term
"aggression" One Soviet
scholar poinls out that the
draft documenl submitled by
the Soyiel Union was not ac-cent- ed
by anv of Uip "imper
ialist powers with Japan and
T l l-ei'manv bei"S Ihe most
Vlg0xr°™ °PP°"fnts llier
Prollibilion of llC USe Of
IU1-- B einuouicu in um onar- -
ter of the United Nations has
replaccd the old rulc of in- -
lemational law which used
to ackwmlcdge lhe right of
the soyereign slate lo wagę
war — the jus ad bellum
The USSR is deathly
afraid of anv sort of collec- -
tive socuri1v nr RPlMpfnncP
will justify its own security
arrangements under the ban- -
ner of "socialist internatio-nalism"
Within a collecliyc
security system "self-defenc- e
as a case of decentralized use
of force is an exceptional and
proyisional inlerlude between
an act of illegal use of force
an act of aggression and the
collectiye enforcement aclion
w h i c h the community
through its central organ (in
this case the USSR) is lo
tako as a sanction against the
any itself
tlsunlW mań by
(d)
the
The signing countries also
committed thcmselves to
examining lhe possibility of
complelely re-schedul- in the
debt in 1982 and 1983 A
meeting to begin examining
this question has been sche-dule- d
for September 1931
A meeting of June 1 1981
has also been scheduled be-tween
these credilors to
examine new
credits with Poland
Further Canada will also
confinue to be a major
source of grain Poland
unaer tne proyisions ot a
long-ter- m agreement cover--
mg the period 1980-193- 2 for
the supply ancl purchase' of
10-1- 5 tonnps of grain
annuallv Under this agree-ment
the Canadian goyern-ment
will continue to pro-vid- e
Poland with the credit
guarantees required lo fi-nan- ce these grain shipments
The Canadian goyernmenfs
ing
veyed March 19 to the Polish
Ambassador to Canada Dr kby 1 e
Affairs
Not only has the federal
goyernment not betrayed the
p0lish community but they
have moved towards nrovid- -
ing the assistance Po- -
land has requested in the
forms nf cmiliniiPd Pi-ai- n
shipments and their
ment burden and
aimnany we caniooK nacK
"-- - iuluUil u
such Hungary in 1956
Czechosloyakia in 1968 and
Afganistan in 1980 and
'™!!!?See i1 not
WCSteni
lgnore
vv-- 3"-"- "' "" --a- iacii
111 tllG KniYlP nnsitivp thnt
1S now on in Poland
To further arsumenl
when the crisis in
land contact was immcdiale- -
illegal use of lorce" Such a
system would cnvisage llie
of the "resculng nalion's"
own armed forces to prolect
a inember of a collcctive se- -
curity system (who may be
a socialisl country in our ex- -
ample) from a violation of its
richls by an extcrnal aggres- -
lfowevpr this is not whal
Arlicle of the Charter of
ie Uniled Nations contem- -
pialcs Colleclive security ar- -
raneements al the regional
ievc] )lat cleveloped long be- -
rni-- r lho !inMiimnni r nn ~ iuuiiaiiuniii i mv- - i_Jnilerl Nnłinn-- s vwWf PHV H4mV i --kt gcmiine polloptivp spfnriiv
system materializes on the in- -
lemational sceno colleclive
sclf-defenc- e is the only in-suran- ce
againsl aimed atlack
The defence of "socialisl
internalionalism" has been
raised on a number occa-sion- s
to juslify Soviet inter-yention- s
The Moscow delega- -
tion of the Communist Party
Pnnnrait !- - „'„: mCC „„!„:„ „1 ilw-Ml"":- u
y-itUI- ]L huiiu ayaicin 111
supranalionalism
cquivalent lo Soviet domina- -
Ijoll inrlipntinff n rpcłrinforl
SOvereignty of member
stalcil) all lhe dassic
Marxist rallvinit p-- v nf "™
lotarians of lhe unitę!"
The noted Soyiet iurist GT
Tunkin describes lhe concept
ol "socialist internation
alism" as arising from the
"generał aims of the (social- -
isD governments in lhe strug- -
On
nc stiuggle) foi lhe uc- -
tion of a new superior
slruclure Socialisl interna-tionalism
embodied in the
relationship of fratcrnal
friendsliip mutual help and
close co-operalio- n"
Shortly after the inyasion
of Czechosloyakia the Soy- -
justified their actions in
accorciance willi llie com-munist
concept of internat-ional
law is in con-tradistincti- on
to the "old" in- -
ly madę between members
of the community and
various goyernmental deparl- -
ments in Ottawa
thal of coun-- arrangement it is l0 hquidate the cxploita-tr- v
"h inslifiPfl not im-nlw- ri in ii t'0 against
adminislration
in- -
is
of
cstablishing
for
million
0f
we
wav
52
hui
of
Mr J Mr
a
duals
residence
which res- - in lhe program for-pons- e
a rcquest by the ward much needed medicines
Polish were eon- - to Poland
D
ENternal
which
repay- -
Canada
„b™
as
did
g°ing
mv
arose Po- -
use
sor
wliicłi is
under
world
consti
soCial
is
ets
which
Polish
ourable Mark
Secretary State for Ex-tern- al
Affairs to discuss the
crisis suggest possible
ways assistance Meelings
between gov--
ernnient officials Agricul- -
turę Canada sur- -
food possible ways
sending food lo the
people Poland
tely such surplus food is
availablc Inquiries
mado through the Depart- -
ment National Health
Welfare information was
supplied by the
to yarious
Doctors who were participal- -
were madę
the Postmaster General
an altempl lo reduce postał
rates for packages
but because rates _ are set — - this could not
be achieved
nrdpr thnt the Canadian
Polish Congress could accept
donations for people of
Pnimri n M-iłnW- n ' rin nation number to be
which was done
personal]y ensure(ł ti1al
number was issued as
nn--ih- 1„ '
On March 2 1981 The
Lloyd Axworthy
Minister &
inniisiuiuu unu mi jai- -
K71lh:i nf Uip
dian Polish signed
an aPrcement wmen win
branches tlie
gress or member organiza- -
Icrnational law of bourgeols
and imperialist states The
Soviet Bloc and Marxisl
tions believe inlerna- -
lional law" be primarlly a
law of the "so-calle- d civilized
Christian states" This
applies Europę
and the Americas Marxist
jurists bclicve thal the old
law is not com- -
WtMo with the rising Afri- -
can' Asian ancl "atei'31"
satcs sincc "olcl aw"
was colon'al Colonialism of
coursc the very
bases contemporary inter--
to in
natltoJnal law" Naturally so J Ił 1 - ciausi inicrnauonai law re- -
c°gnizes
ciples of early bourgeois in-ternalio-nal
law but it has
deyeloped Ihem further The
names of the principles may
sound similar the social-isl
differ
The principles
socialist are
also bccoming
legał principles between the
ts„Uo„Oc!WiaIlMist U„c1„1oVuI nl4LrJietUsltJ by way
This concept became
apparent in the
flood of apoloqiae thal ap-peare- d
Soviet press
1968 One article Pravda
(?6 Sept 1968) claimcd that
lhe actions of lhe Warsaw
Pact nations did not contra- -
diet lhe con-cept
of It claim-e- d that arguments the con-Irar- y
were "unlenable pri-maril- y
because they are
based on an abstract non-cla- ss
approach to lhe ques-tio- n
and the
right of nations lo
The principle of "comrade-l- y
mutual assistance" in-clud- es
the right of each so-cialisl
state oblain assist-ance
from other socialist
counlries Al the same time
each socialisl nalion is
course obliged to render as-sistance
their allies reciuir-in- g
it "This obligation
mutual assistance applies
a
tions in Canada to help and
sponsor conyention refugees
ancl self-exile- d persons from
Poland and Eastern Europę
to Yienna lo pick up the
cessary visa and return to
Canada as a landed immi- -
sram mus eimunaung mucu
hardship ancl time
As an sidenole
on December 15 1980 a
member the federal gov- -
ernmenl received unanimous
consent on his motion de- -
clare a National Day
Prayer for Poland a motion
which was similarly proposed
the United States Congress
on the same day
The Canadian
and the other
western nations lnvp not
ignored the crisis Poland
but have responded in
way that Poland wishes
present time No country
mterlere in the allairs
anolher without the ex--
Press requcst of the people
lhal country A clause
the Helsinki Finał Act main- -
laiIla ini al country snan
so
of Polish heri-- £# can ndeeFd oe proud
e Pe°Ple Poland for
their couragc
spirłt' and u-tini-ae
slrenglh!
Recently Canada and other
ment to its creditors At the
time ot wriung tnis article
T did nnt havp tbp rpsnlts nf
t}ie however
readers who wish such infor- -
mation mile t me
0Uawa#
Jesse Flis
Room 478 CB
nousc 01 Lommons
Ottawa KIA
(postage free)
The President of the Cana- - Similarly on May 13 1981
dian Polish Congress Axworthv also signed
Kaszuba and which will estab-o- f
that met per-- Hsh way for Polish
with Prime Minister to apply for permanent
Trudeau as well as lhe Ilon- - in Canada return
actions were in lo
to
goyernment
MacGuigan
of
and
of
were arranged
in
concerning
plus ancl
of this
in Unfortuna- -
no
were
of and
and
Department
pharmacists and
Suggestions to
in
to Poland
in- -
ternationally
In
lhe
łnv
had
acquired in
this
soon
of Employment
juh
Procirlnn' Pniin
Congress
en--
able of Con- -
na- -
"old
to
and
necessarily to
intcrnational
tIlc
"contravenes
of
cleinocraticprin- -
but
equivalents funda-menfall- y
of
internationalism
international
of
par-ticular- ly
in the in
in
Marxist-Leninis- t
sovereignty
to
of sovereignty
self-deler-minatio- n"
to
of
to
of
ne- -
interesting
of
to
of
in
goyernment
of
in
the
at
lhe
may
of
of of
n° ao
Canadians_
of
of
deleriiuiiation
negotiations
in
MP
0A6
representatives regulations
organization indiyi-sonall- y
?n0rab1e
goyernments
added ments ot saving incii- - iong lerm inis agreemeni olher Western countries havc a matter of 2 months as op- - vvestern countries met m
yiduals races and other eth- - provides for re-scheduli- ng of indeed responded willi res- - posed lo the normal period of Paris for a second time to
nic or political groups from 90% of the principal and in- - ponsibility and concern perhaps 8 months The discuss how to assist Poland
suppression or extinction all terest amounts now owing ' — TTnnmimhio Wm i?ńmntov out of its financial commit- -
t r _ f —t
equally to the spheres of po-litical
economic mililary and
olher relalions"
The "Brezhney Doctrine"
is a yersion of this concept as
it applies to Europę IIow-eve- r
rccont evcnts such as
Soyiet acliyities in Elhiopia
Angola and Afghanislan
show that this concept is not
unique to Europę The doc
trine was originally formu-late- d
to justify the Warsaw
Pact inyasion of Czechosloya-kia
It has as its basie pre-mis- ę
that every communist
party owcs a duty not only to
its own people but to the
olher Marxisl countries and
parties This doctrine of
"limited soyereignty" has
been largely accepled by the
international community for
bclter or for worse
That the Soyiet Union
would not hesitatc lo use the
Brezhney doctrine again is
evidenced by recent state-men- ts
macie at the Sixleenth
Congress of the Czechoslovak
Communist Party (Pravda 8
April 1981) 'Czechoslowik
Communist Party leader Gus-ta- v
Ilusak equa'ed the de-man- ds
of Solidarily with the
revolt in Ilungary in 1956
and the liberation drive in
Czechosloyakia in 1968 Ile
reminded the delegates that
both events were crushed by
the Red Anny Ile indicated
that this would always be the
case as lhe Soviel bloc coun-tries
would "defend the in-teres- ts and the socialisl
achieyements of the people"
This brings us lo the con-cept
of "spheres of influ-ence"
Although the early
Soyiet state rejecled this con-cept
prefering instead sclf-determinati- on and collectiye
security it is very much ac-cept- ed
by lhe USSR loday
States within a sphere of in-fluence
are usually only nom-inall- y
independent In the
Soviet bloc counlries the de-gr- ee
of influence is so great
that łhere is really little true
independence although this
will be yehemently denied by
those parties
"Finlandization" and "Cze-choslovakizati- on"
are two
terms that are often asso-ciate- d
with the sphere of in
fluence concept To imple-me- nt
"Finlandization" it
should be determined that
the potential influencing
power percciyes a need and
has the resources lo establisli
and maintain the degree of
influence required Further-more
the dominant power
must meet few impedimenls
in its palli in order to imple-men- t
lhe regime Thus
where a powerful state is
able to exert its influence
oer a weaker state on a re-gul- ar
basis wilhout the inler-ferenc- e
of a third party a
"sphere of influence" exists
The third party may be un-willi- ng
to intervene because
ii has a preconceived notion
of a "sphere" existing If it
does intervene it will be in
the form of a token condem-natio- n
or some other ineffec-tiv- e
action (Witness the
US aclion or inaction fol-lowi- ng
Czechosloyakia and
TTT
[f A O A A A A -- - A
Afghanislan) Ultimatcly the
weaker state sacrifices some
of its soyereignty and other
interesls in order lo ayoid in-curri- ng the wralh of the
power which may result in an
inyasion or a tolal loss of
soyereignty
The silualion in East Eu-ropę
today is eonsiclerod a
modern form of intervention
Ilowcyer interycn I ion gone-rall- y
is only transilory Oncc
its objęci has been oblained
lhe oceupying power will
withdraw its forces or at least
the threat of using them
Howeyer the Soviel revolu-lionai- y
action is a permanent
state of affairs which can
only be reyersed by a mili-tary
cataclysm for example a
successful countei-reyolutio- n
or the evolution of the Soyiet
system "Czechoslovakiza-tion- "
is the most extreme
form of this
Frequently as we liave
examined the Soyiets will
change the facts to suit them
or they will direct the hostili-l- y
of the world to anolher
party In Afghanistan we saw
the Soyiet Union distorting
lhe -- facts to show that the
United States and China —
its two arch-enemic- s — hae
intervened in Afghanislan
The Soyiets insislcd that they
were responding to a plea to
assist the Afghan people in
repelling lhe imperialist me-nac- e
The Soyiet Union may in-terve- nc
in Poland because
they belieye that Poland is
drifting away from its sphere
of influence Brezhney re-cenlly
(Pravda 8 April 1981)
stated thal class enemies are
doing eyerything to hamper
the progress of socialism in
Poland Ile reilerated that
the Soyiet Union will remain
a "loyal friend and ally of
socialist Poland" IIowever
eacłi communist mrtv is sup-pose- d
to be free in applying
the principles of Marxism-Le-ninis- m
and socialism to its
own needs and country Thus
under the banner of "socialist
internationalism" the Soviet
Union could very well inlor-vcn- e
Hopefully this tragic
evenl will neyer oceur
Finally one gets an insight
into the communist way of
thinking in the statement of
W Gomułka then First' Se-cretary
of the Central Com-mittee
of the Polish Workers'
Party in a comment he mado
shortly after the inyasion of
Czechosloyakia (Pravda 26
September 1968) I belieye
lliis statement to accurately
represnt the Soviet Union's
position in 1981 as well: 'if
the enemy planls dynamitc
under our house under the
commonwealth of socialist
nations our patriotic nalion-al
and internationalist duty is
to preyenl this by using any
means necessary"
" William Kosar is the Presi-dent
of the Uniyersity of
Western Ontario Polish Slu-dent- s'
Association as well as
a third year law student at
the U of Western Ontario
T T --r TV
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