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22 I N T R O D U C T I O N .
Treaty N o . 5 followed, w i t h the cession of 100,000 square
miles of territory, covering the Lake W i n n i p e g region, etc.,
after which the Great Treaty ( No. 6 ) , at F o r t s C a r l t o n and
P i t t , i n 1876, covering almost a l l the country drained by
the two Saskatchewans, was p a r t l y effected by M r . M o r r is
and his associates, the recalcitrants being afterwards induced
by M r . L a i r d to adhere to the treaty, w i t h the exception of
the notorious B i g Bear, the insurgent chief who figured so
prominently i n the Rebellion of 1885. The final treaty, or
No. 7, made w i t h the Assiniboines and Blackfeet, the most
powerful and predatory of a l l our P l a i n Indians, was concluded
by M r . L a i r d and the late Lieut.- Colonel M c L e o d in
1877. By this last treaty had now been ceded the whole
country from Lake W i n n i p e g to the Rocky Mountains, and
f r om the international boundary to the D i s t r i c t of Athabasca.
But there remained i n native hands s t i l l that vast
northern a n t i c l i n a l , which differs almost e n t i r e l y i n i t s superficial
features f r om the p r a i r i e s and p l a i n s to the south; and
i t was this region, enormous i n extent and r i c h i n economic
resources, which, it was decided by Government, should now
be placed by treaty at the disposal of the Canadian people.
To this end i t was determined that at Lesser Slave L a k e the
first conference should be held, and the i n i t i a l steps taken
towards the cession of the whole western portion of the
unceded t e r r i t o r y u p to the 60th p a r a l l e l o f n o r t h latitude.
The more immediate motive for treating w i t h the Indians
of Athabasca has been already referred to, v i z . , the discovery
of gold i n the K l o n d i k e , and the astonishing rush of miners
and prospectors, i n consequence, to the Y u k o n , not only f r om
the P a c i f i c side, but, east of the mountains, by way of the
Peace and Mackenzie rivers. Dp to that date, excepting to
the fur- traders and a few missionaries, settlers, explorers,
geologists and sportsmen, the Peace R i v e r region was practic
a l l y unknown; certainly as l i t t l e known to the people of
Ontario, for example, as was the R e d R i v e r country t h i r ty
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| Title | Page 26 |
| OCR | 22 I N T R O D U C T I O N . Treaty N o . 5 followed, w i t h the cession of 100,000 square miles of territory, covering the Lake W i n n i p e g region, etc., after which the Great Treaty ( No. 6 ) , at F o r t s C a r l t o n and P i t t , i n 1876, covering almost a l l the country drained by the two Saskatchewans, was p a r t l y effected by M r . M o r r is and his associates, the recalcitrants being afterwards induced by M r . L a i r d to adhere to the treaty, w i t h the exception of the notorious B i g Bear, the insurgent chief who figured so prominently i n the Rebellion of 1885. The final treaty, or No. 7, made w i t h the Assiniboines and Blackfeet, the most powerful and predatory of a l l our P l a i n Indians, was concluded by M r . L a i r d and the late Lieut.- Colonel M c L e o d in 1877. By this last treaty had now been ceded the whole country from Lake W i n n i p e g to the Rocky Mountains, and f r om the international boundary to the D i s t r i c t of Athabasca. But there remained i n native hands s t i l l that vast northern a n t i c l i n a l , which differs almost e n t i r e l y i n i t s superficial features f r om the p r a i r i e s and p l a i n s to the south; and i t was this region, enormous i n extent and r i c h i n economic resources, which, it was decided by Government, should now be placed by treaty at the disposal of the Canadian people. To this end i t was determined that at Lesser Slave L a k e the first conference should be held, and the i n i t i a l steps taken towards the cession of the whole western portion of the unceded t e r r i t o r y u p to the 60th p a r a l l e l o f n o r t h latitude. The more immediate motive for treating w i t h the Indians of Athabasca has been already referred to, v i z . , the discovery of gold i n the K l o n d i k e , and the astonishing rush of miners and prospectors, i n consequence, to the Y u k o n , not only f r om the P a c i f i c side, but, east of the mountains, by way of the Peace and Mackenzie rivers. Dp to that date, excepting to the fur- traders and a few missionaries, settlers, explorers, geologists and sportsmen, the Peace R i v e r region was practic a l l y unknown; certainly as l i t t l e known to the people of Ontario, for example, as was the R e d R i v e r country t h i r ty |
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